Realidad Aumentada para aumentar la formación en la enseñanza de la Medicina / Augmented Reality to increase training in the teaching of Medicine

Introducción: La adopción de alternativas digitales a modelos físicos mediante las tecnologías de realidad aumentada se presenta como una alternativa en la enseñanza de la medicina. Objetivo: Conocer el grado de aceptación y motivación que la realidad aumentada despierta en los estudiantes de medicina. Método: Se realizó un estudio durante el curso académico 2016 - 2017, en el que participaron 50 estudiantes de Medicina, que cursaban la asignatura de "Anatomía Humana I" en la Universidad de Sevilla. Se utilizaron para el análisis de la motivación el "Instructional Material Motivational Survey", para el grado de aceptación se aplicó el "The Technology Acceptance Model" y un tercer instrumento donde los estudiantes evaluaron los objetos de aprendizaje. Resultados: Revelaron la valoración positiva de los estudiantes hacia a la Realidad Aumentada por sus beneficios didácticos: motivación, aceptación, adquisición de conocimientos, entre otros. Conclusiones: Los objetos diseñados fueron valorados positivamente por los estudiantes, fáciles de descargar y de instalar en sus dispositivos. Siendo importante los resultados ya que fueron obtenidos con diversos objetos preparados para el estudio(AU)

Introduction : The choice of digital alternatives over physical models through augmented reality technologies is presented as an alternative in the teaching of medicine. Objective : To know the degree of acceptance and motivation that augmented reality causes among medical students. Methods : A study was carried out during the academic year 2016-2017 with the participation of 50 medical students, who were coursing the subject Human Anatomy I at the University of Seville. For the motivation analysis, we used the "Instructional Material Motivational Survey"; for the degree of acceptance, we applied "The Technology Acceptance Model"; we also used a third instrument for the students to evaluate the learning objects. Results : The results revealed the students' positive assessment about augmented reality based on its didactic benefits: motivation, acceptance, acquisition of knowledge, among others. Conclusions : The designed objects were positively rated by the students, easy to download and install on their devices. The results are important, since they were obtained with diverse objects prepared for the study(AU)

The Nucleophilicity of Persistent α-Monofluoromethide Anions.

α-Fluorocarbanions are key intermediates in nucleophilic fluoroalkylation reactions. Although frequently discussed, the origin of the fluorine effect on the reactivity of α-fluorinated CH acids has remained largely unexplored. We have now investigated the kinetics of a series of reactions of α-substituted carbanions with reference electrophiles to elucidate the effects of α-F, α-Cl, and α-OMe substituents on the nucleophilic reactivities of carbanions.

Los repositorios de acceso abierto como alternativa para la visibilidad de la ciencia en las universidades: estudio de caso / Open access repositories as an alternative for the visibility of science at universities: a case study / Os repositórios de acesso aberto como alternativa para a visibilidade da ciência nas universidades: estudo de caso

El objetivo de este trabajo es exponer la propuesta para el desarrollo e implementación del repositorio institucional de la Universidad Nacional "Pedro Henríquez Ureña" (RI-UNPHU), como alternativa para el acceso y visibilidad de su producción científica y académica. Se utilizó la técnica del análisis documental para disponer de criterios teóricos para la formulación y el diseño de la propuesta. Se empleó el método de análisis síntesis para estructurar las bases metodológicas de implementación del repositorio, se revisaron los documentos normativos para el acceso abierto, y directrices para su creación. Como resultados se muestra la estructura del repositorio a partir de los ejes principales: selección de la tipología documental a incluir y la estructura de los contenidos; los flujos de trabajo y la responsabilidad de los participantes. Se identificó el software de código abierto Dspace como plataforma informática, por las ventajas que ofrece su configuración. Se determinó que se utilizarán los modelos de metadatos combinados con herramientas como el protocolo OAI-PMH, para su interoperabilidad e integración a redes globales. Se estableció la estrategia de divulgación, que vincula los factores institucionales y promueva su uso a nivel nacional e internacional. Se concluye que con la implementación de RI-UNPHU, se pretende que la Universidad se integre al naciente grupo de repositorios dominicanos, y coadyuve a la creación de una red nacional de repositorios con mayor presencia en las redes mundiales para facilitar la visibilidad de las investigaciones desarrolladas en República Dominicana.

The proposal for the development and implementation of the institutional repository of the National University "Pedro Henríquez Ureña" (RI-UNPHU), as an alternative to the accessibility and visibility of the scientific and academic production is presented. Documentary analysis technique was used to provide theoretical criteria for the formulation and design of the proposal. The analysis synthesis method was used to structure the methodological basis for implementing the repository, the normative documents for open access are reviewed, and guidelines for their creation. Are reported as the repository structure from the main areas: selection of documentary typology to include and structure of the contents; workflows and responsibility of the participants. The DSpace open source software as computer platform was selected by the advantages of its configuration. Metadata models combined with tools such as the OAI-PMH protocol for interoperability and integration into global networks are used. The outreach strategy, linking institutional factors and promote their use at national and international level is set. They arrived at conclusions about that with the implementation of RI-UNPHU intended that the University is integrated to the rising group of Dominican repositories, and contributes to the creation of a national network of repositories with greater presence in global networks facilitate the visibility of the research conducted in Dominican Republic.

O objetivo deste trabalho é expor a proposta para o desenvolvimento e implementação do repositório institucional da Universidade Nacional "Pedro Henríquez Ureña" (RI-UNPHU), como alternativa para o acesso e visibilidade da sua produção científica e académica. Utilizou-se a técnica da análise documental para dispor de critérios teóricos para a formulação e o desenho da proposta. Empregou-se o método de análise síntese para estruturar as bases metodológicas de implementação do repositório, revisaram-se os documentos normativos para o acesso aberto, e diretrizes para a sua criação. Como resultados se mostra a estrutura do repositório a partir dos eixos principais: seleção da tipologia documental a incluir e a estrutura dos conteúdos; os fluxos de trabalho e a responsabilidade dos participantes. Identificou-se o software de código aberto Dspace como plataforma informática, pelas vantagens que oferece a sua configuração. Determinou-se que utilizar-se-ão os modelos de metadatos combinados com ferramentas como o protocolo OAI-PMH, para a sua interoperabilidade e integração a redes globais. Estabeleceu-se a estratégia de divulgação, que vincula os fatores institucionais e promova o seu uso a nível nacional e internacional. Conclui-se que com a implementação de RI-UNPHU, se pretende que a Universidade se integre ao naciente grupo de repositórios dominicanos, e coadyuve à criação de uma rede nacional de repositórios com maior presença nas redes mundiais para facilitar a visibilidade das investigações desarrollado em República Dominicana.

Metformin prevents experimental gentamicin-induced nephropathy by a mitochondria-dependent pathway.

The antidiabetic drug metformin can diminish apoptosis induced by oxidative stress in endothelial cells and prevent vascular dysfunction even in nondiabetic patients. Here we tested whether it has a beneficial effect in a rat model of gentamicin toxicity. Mitochondrial analysis, respiration intensity, levels of reactive oxygen species, permeability transition, and cytochrome c release were assessed 3 and 6 days after gentamicin administration. Metformin treatment fully blocked gentamicin-mediated acute renal failure. This was accompanied by a lower activity of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, together with a decrease of lipid peroxidation and increase of antioxidant systems. Metformin also protected the kidney from histological damage 6 days after gentamicin administration. These in vivo markers of kidney dysfunction and their correction by metformin were complemented by in vitro studies of mitochondrial function. We found that gentamicin treatment depleted respiratory components (cytochrome c, NADH), probably due to the opening of mitochondrial transition pores. These injuries, partly mediated by a rise in reactive oxygen species from the electron transfer chain, were significantly decreased by metformin. Thus, our study suggests that pleiotropic effects of metformin can lessen gentamicin nephrotoxicity and improve mitochondrial homeostasis.

Catalytic conjugate additions of geminal bis(sulfone)s: expanding the chemistry of sulfones as simple alkyl anion equivalents.

The value of cyclic gem-bis(sulfone) 4 as a simple alkyl nucleophile equivalent in catalytic C-C bond-forming reactions is demonstrated. The 1,4-type nucleophilic additions of bis(sulfone) 4 to alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones take place by assistance of catalytic guanidine base. On the other hand, pyrrolidines are able to catalyze the conjugate addition of 4 to both enones and enals, likely by means of iminium ion activation. Upon exploration of the best chiral pyrrolidine catalyst, it has been found that the addition of 4 to enals catalyzed by diphenylprolinol silyl ether 10 proceeds with very high enantioselectivity (beta-aryl-substituted enals >95% ee; beta-alkyl substituted enals up to 94% ee; ee = enantiomeric excess). Further reductive desulfonation of adducts gives rise to the corresponding beta-methyl aldehydes, as well as the derived alcohols, acetals, and methyl esters after simple (Mg, MeOH) well-established protocols. Application of the procedure to the synthesis of biologically relevant phenethyl building blocks is shown. Most interestingly, alpha-alkylation of initially obtained bis(sulfone) adducts can be done even with less reactive alkylating reagents, such as long linear-chain or branched-chain alkyl halides. Accordingly, upon the desulfonation process, a general, experimentally simple and highly enantioselective access to beta-branched aldehydes, alcohols, or esters is possible. Further exploration of the method includes the use of chiral alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes derived from citronellal as the Michael acceptor partners. In these instances, the sense of the conjugate addition of 4 is controlled by the chirality of the pyrrolidine catalyst, thus allowing for a stereochemically predictable access to 1,3-dimethyl arrays, such as those present in deoxygenated polyketide-type natural products. The intramolecular variation of this technology by using doubly unsaturated aldehyde-ester 22 illustrated the site selectivity of the procedure and its potential for tandem processes leading to highly substituted polycyclic systems, such as 24.

Presence of fibronectin peptides in saliva of patients with Sjögren’s Syndrome: A potential indicator of salivary gland destruction

Objective: The purpose of this preliminary study was to monitor the degree of destruction of salivary glands inSjögren disease by the detection of fibronectin peptides in patients’ saliva. Study design: The sample consisted of10 subjects divided in 2 groups, one with Sjögren disease and a control group. Saliva samples were submitted to aninmunodetection analysis. In addition, non pathological salivary glands, obtained from 2 subjects who underwentminor oral surgery, were incubated with leukocyte homogenates and analysed to compare the obtained fragments.Results: The inmunodetection analysis of Sjögren saliva revealed multiple protein bands, including fibronectin,that were not present in saliva from healthy individuals. The inmunostained bands varied depending on the courseof the disease, showing more fibronectin fragments in an active phase . Furthermore, results obtained from thenon-pathological glands incubated with leukocyte homogenates were similar to those revealed in saliva from Sjögrenpatients. Conclusion: The presence of fibronectin peptides in Sjögren patients’ saliva can constitute a methodto monitor activity in Sjögren’s disease (AU)

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Presence of fibronectin peptides in saliva of patients with Sjögren's syndrome: a potential indicator of salivary gland destruction.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this preliminary study was to monitor the degree of destruction of salivary glands in Sjögren disease by the detection of fibronectin peptides in patients' saliva. STUDY DESIGN: The sample consisted of 10 subjects divided in 2 groups, one with Sjögren disease and a control group. Saliva samples were submitted to an inmunodetection analysis. In addition, non pathological salivary glands, obtained from 2 subjects who underwent minor oral surgery, were incubated with leukocyte homogenates and analysed to compare the obtained fragments. RESULTS: The inmunodetection analysis of Sjögren saliva revealed multiple protein bands, including fibronectin, that were not present in saliva from healthy individuals. The inmunostained bands varied depending on the course of the disease, showing more fibronectin fragments in an active phase. Furthermore, results obtained from the non-pathological glands incubated with leukocyte homogenates were similar to those revealed in saliva from Sjögren patients. CONCLUSION: The presence of fibronectin peptides in Sjögren patients' saliva can constitute a method to monitor activity in Sjögren's disease.

Highly enantioselective conjugate additions of aldehydes to vinyl sulfones.

Joined together, organocatalysts aldehydes and sulfones: A diaryl prolinol silyl ether was found to catalyse efficiently and enantioselectively the conjugate addition of aldehydes to vinyl sulfones (see scheme). The ample synthetic utility of the resulting adducts is illustrated.

Hemoperitoneo como complicación de la biopsia hepática por punción / Hemoperitoneum as a complication of hepatic biopsy by puncture

La indicación para realizar la biopsia hepática es la confirmación de un diagnóstico de presunción o la instauración de un diagnóstico exacto. En pacientes con coagulación normal, la biopsia hepática es un procedimiento relativamente seguro con una morbilidad menor de 0.1 por ciento. En Cinco años se efectuaron 912 biopsias hepáticas por punción; cinco pacientes (o.5 por ciento) presentaron hemoperitoneo e hipovolemia por lo que fueron sometidos a intervencción quirúrgica. Tres pacientes requirieron empaquetamiento para control de la hemorragia. Un paciente falleció al cuarto día por choque irreversible. Aunque la hemorragia grave posterior a biopsia hepática por punción es poco frecuente, el médico debe estar alerta para diagnosticarla antes de que ocurra hipovolemia grave con choque irrecuperable

Mortalidad perinatal en embarazadas adolescentes / Perinatal mortality in pregnant adolescents

Se realiza un estudio de las adolescentes embarazadas que parieron durante los años 1983, 1984 y 1985, así como la repercusión que tuvieron las mismas en la mortalidad perinatal. Se analizan los resultados y se ofrecen conclusiones al respecto

Mortalidad perinatal en embarazadas adolescentes / Perinatal ortality in pregnant adolescents

Se realiza un estudio de las adolescentes embarazadas que parieron durante los años 1983, 1984 y 1985, así como la repercusión que tuvieron las mismas en la mortalidad perinatal. Se analizan los resultados y se ofrecen conclusiones al respecto (AU)

Mortalidad perinatal en embarazadas adolescentes / Perinatal mortality in adolescent pregnant women

Por la gran importancia que cada día adquieren los jóvenes dentro de la población mundial y el marcado incremento de los problemas relacionados con el embarazo y el sexo que los mismos presentan, se realiza un estudio de las adolescentes embarazadas que parieron durante el año 1984 en el Hospital General Docente Provincial "Carlos Manuel de Céspedes" de Bayamo MN, Granma, así como la repercusión que las mismas tuvieron en la mortalidad perinatal. Se analizan dichos resultados y se ofrecen conclusiones al respecto

Mortalidad perinatal en embarazadas adolescentes / Perinatal ortality in adolescent pregnant women

Por la gran importancia que cada día adquieren los jóvenes dentro de la población mundial y el marcado incremento de los problemas relacionados con el embarazo y el sexo que los mismos presentan, se realiza un estudio de las adolescentes embarazadas que parieron durante el año 1984 en el Hospital General Docente Provincial "Carlos Manuel de Céspedes" de Bayamo MN, Granma, así como la repercusión que las mismas tuvieron en la mortalidad perinatal. Se analizan dichos resultados y se ofrecen conclusiones al respecto